The turnouts featuring various rail types include: 8 kg/m, 12 kg/m, 15 kg/m, 18 kg/m, 22 kg/m, 24 kg/m, 30 kg/m, 38 kg/m, 43 kg/m, 50 kg/m, and 60 kg/m. Additionally, they are categorized by models: No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, No. 12, and beyond. These turnouts can be further classified into single switch, symmetrical switch, triple switch, compound switch, cross-crossing switch, and cross-crossing combination switch, among others. A turnout is an indispensable piece of line-connecting equipment that enables locomotives and vehicles to transition seamlessly from one track to another. These turnouts are chiefly installed in large quantities at stations and marshalling yards, significantly boosting the efficiency and capacity of the rail system. With the strategic implementation of turnouts, even a single track can exploit its full potential. By incorporating a turnout with a fork longer than the train itself, it becomes feasible to smoothly switch trains, thereby enhancing the overall functionality and adaptability of the railway network.